Best Retro Video Upscalers for Modern TVs

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Retro consoles output low-resolution analog video that modern TVs handle badly: blurry, laggy and often with the wrong aspect ratio. A retro upscaler converts that analog signal into clean digital HDMI with proper 240p handling and minimal lag. The result can be a sharper, more responsive picture than you ever saw on the family TV.

We compared the leading options on image quality, input lag, ease of use, input types, features like CRT-style effects and profiles, and value. Upscaler models are updated periodically, so check each maker's current lineup and compatibility. See our complete guide to retro gaming on a modern TV for the wider picture.

Upscaler vs line multiplier vs cheap converter

• Full scalers (such as higher-end RetroTINK models) buffer the image and output standard resolutions like 1080p or 4K, which works with nearly any TV, with very low lag.
• Line multipliers (such as the OSSC) multiply each line of video in real time for near-zero lag. They produce excellent results but some TVs don't accept their non-standard output timings.
• Cheap generic converters (AV-to-HDMI boxes) are designed for video, not games. They usually treat 240p as interlaced, add blur and lag, and are best avoided for gaming.

The best retro upscalers

Inputs to check

Make sure the upscaler accepts the signals your consoles output: composite, S-Video, component, RGB via SCART or other connectors, and sometimes VGA. Some models have limited inputs and rely on adapters. If you have many consoles, count inputs or plan a switch. Check which sync types are supported for RGB.

Output resolution

Most upscalers output at least 1080p, and high-end models output 4K. A 4K output lets your 4K TV display the image without its own scaling, often looking sharper. On a 1080p TV, 1080p output is ideal. Higher output resolutions also give CRT-style effects more pixels to work with.

Input lag

Good retro scalers add minimal lag, often a fraction of a frame for line multipliers and very low for frame-buffered scalers. This is far better than most TVs' internal scaling. Total lag also depends on your TV, so use game mode.

Ease of use

Some scalers are plug-and-play with automatic detection; others require tweaking settings per console and TV. The OSSC rewards tinkering; RetroTINK's range is generally easier. Profiles that save settings per console are a big convenience.

CRT effects and scanlines

Many scalers offer scanlines, and high-end models offer detailed CRT simulation (shadow masks, bloom, curvature). These can make pixel art look closer to how artists intended. Personal preference decides whether you use them.

Deinterlacing for 480i games

Some games and consoles use 480i, especially sixth-generation systems. Upscalers handle 480i with different deinterlacing methods, each with trade-offs between sharpness, flicker and lag. Better scalers offer more options.

Budget considerations

Entry-level units offer big improvements over TV scaling for a modest cost. High-end 4K scalers cost much more but offer the best image, effects and flexibility. Many enthusiasts start with an entry-level unit and upgrade later. Remember cables: great scalers can't fix a poor signal.

Firmware updates

Many retro scalers receive firmware updates that add features and improve compatibility. Check the maker's site for updates and changelogs, and follow update instructions carefully.

Matching an upscaler to your consoles

• Mostly NES and composite consoles: choose a scaler that handles composite well, or consider RGB mods.
• SNES, Genesis, PS1 with RGB: nearly any good scaler shines; RGB inputs matter.
• PS2, Wii, GameCube: component input and good 480i deinterlacing matter.
• N64: S-Video on stock consoles; deblur options on some scalers help N64 image quality.
• Large collections: many inputs or a switch, plus profiles.

Pairing with the right TV

Scalers deliver their best on TVs with good game modes. A 4K scaler shines on a 4K TV where it can scale directly to native resolution. A 1080p scaler on a 4K TV still looks very good, with the TV doing a simple integer-friendly upscale.

Cables that pair with upscalers

Great scalers need good input signals. For RGB consoles, quality SCART cables with the right sync type make a visible difference, and shielded cables reduce noise. For component consoles, a good component cable is enough. Match cable connectors to your scaler's inputs, and consider a switch if you have many consoles, choosing one designed for the signal type to avoid degrading the image.

Common setup problems

• No image: wrong input selected, incompatible output mode for the TV, or incorrect sync.
• Image shifted or cropped: adjust sampling and positioning settings, or use presets.
• Shimmering in scrolling games: non-integer scaling; choose integer scaling options.
• Dropouts: sync issues, cable problems or HDMI cable quality.

Most scalers have active communities with setting recommendations for specific consoles and TVs.

Upgrade path

Start with a good entry or mid-range scaler and quality cables. If you get deeper into the hobby, a high-end scaler or console mods add polish. Many hobbyists keep their older scaler for a second setup after upgrading.

What we'd buy

For most people who want a big improvement with little fuss, a mid-range RetroTINK is the sweet spot. Enthusiasts with 4K TVs and a serious collection should look at the flagship 4K scalers. Tinkerers who prioritize the lowest lag and have compatible TVs will enjoy the OSSC. Budget buyers with only one or two composite or S-Video consoles can start with an entry-level RetroTINK.

Keeping consoles healthy

Your upscaler shows every flaw in the signal. Old consoles may develop video noise from aging capacitors or dirty connectors. Cleaning AV ports, replacing worn cables and having old capacitors replaced by a repair shop can restore a clean picture.

Space and power

Plan where the scaler will sit, with room for cables and a power supply. Some scalers need a specific power supply or a USB power source.